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                <h1 class="kratos-entry-title text-center">m3u8的学习资料(博客版)</h1>
            
            
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                <li><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i> 2021-10-25</li>
                <li><i class="fa fa-user"></i> 作者 cuishikang</li>
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            <p>::: tip 介绍<br>什么是m3u8呢 和mp4比起来有什么区别呢 <br><br>:::</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h2 id="m3u8视频-是一种什么样的视频格式？"><a href="#m3u8视频-是一种什么样的视频格式？" class="headerlink" title="m3u8视频 是一种什么样的视频格式？"></a>m3u8视频 是一种什么样的视频格式？</h2><ul>
<li>m3u8不是一种视频格式，m3u8是苹果公司提出的一种视频播放方式是一种纯文本文件。<ul>
<li>m3u8视频文件格式中<code>存放了视频的基本信息</code>和 <code>分段视频的索引地址 (将一整个视频分成了时长不同的很多小段)</code>。当播放m3u8视频时，就是按顺序下载播放索引列表的视频，从而完成一部完整视频的播放。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211025173420184.png" alt="image-20211025173420184"></p>
<h2 id="m3u8和mp4的对比"><a href="#m3u8和mp4的对比" class="headerlink" title="m3u8和mp4的对比"></a>m3u8和mp4的对比</h2><ul>
<li><p>了解了m3u8的文件格式和播放原理，下边就可以对m3u8 与mp4 做一个简单对比了。</p>
<ul>
<li>mp4 对HTML5和flash播放器亲和度都挺好。但是文件头太大，结构复杂，**<code>长视频的大文件头影响加载速度的视频体</code><strong>，所以</strong>短视频更常见**</li>
<li>m3u8 采用苹果的HLS协议，目前 ios与android设备均已支持(微信小程序支持,pc端需要插件)。由于其工作原因是将整个视频流分成一个个小的基于Http的文件进行下载播放，因此<code>支持视频直播</code>。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><font color =#ff3040>什么是视频文件头?</font></p>
<blockquote>
<p>视频文件头说白了就是视频加载到播放的一个秒开率</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>m3u8 (第一切片为1~3秒) 对比 mp4 的秒开率和成功率更高<ul>
<li>m3u8 因为他是切割视频 所以可以优化视频的开头 <ul>
<li>m3u8 文件的 第一个ts片段长度为1~3秒</li>
<li>m3u8 文件的 第二个ts片段长度为3~5秒</li>
<li>m3u8 文件的 第三个ts片段长度为10秒左右</li>
<li>m3u8 文件的 第四个ts片段以上长度为30秒左右</li>
<li>m3u8 文件 最长ts片段不超过35秒</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>mp4无法进行视频开头的优化 无法进行切割</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><font color =#ff3040>更省流量更省资源</font></p>
<ul>
<li>m3u8 会根据用户的进度 来逐步的获取到视频的资源 并且当用户暂停播放的时候 不会进行数据的获取 更友好的请求服务器 减少数据浪费<ul>
<li>无需压缩视频 高质量视频进行切割即可</li>
<li>能够将部分m3u8的播放块切块之后直接加载到服务器内存中，让客户端可以更快的得到数据。</li>
<li>HTTP Live Streaming 巨大优势：自适应码率流播（adaptive streaming）。效果就是客户端会根据网络状况自动选择不同码率的视频流，条件允许的情况下使用高码率，网络繁忙的时候使用低码率，并且自动在二者 间随意切换。这对移动设备网络状况不稳定的情况下保障流畅播放非常有帮助。实现方法是服务器端提供多码率视频流，并且在列表文件中注明，播放器根据播放进 度和下载速度自动调整。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>mp4 会一直请求服务器 获取资源 直到获取到视频全部 容易造成数据浪费<ul>
<li>需要压缩视频 高质量视频想做性能提升 只能压缩画质</li>
<li>无法使用 HTTP的功能 不能自适应码率播放视频</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>m3u8 格式的请求数据</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211025173601681.png" alt="image-20211025173601681"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>mp4 格式请求数据</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211025173718462.png" alt="image-20211025173718462"></p>
<h2 id="谁在用m3u8"><a href="#谁在用m3u8" class="headerlink" title="谁在用m3u8"></a>谁在用m3u8</h2><blockquote>
<p>通过<code>猫抓</code>爬来的视频数据展示</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>优酷视频 (移动端)</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211019173128405.png" alt="image-20211019173127622"></p>
<ul>
<li>爱奇艺视频(移动端)</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211019173831064.png"></p>
<ul>
<li>百度百科</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211019182454565.png" alt="image-20211019182454565"></p>
<ul>
<li>斗鱼视频(移动端)</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211019183110313.png" alt="image-20211019183110313"></p>
<ul>
<li>a站</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211019183420904.png" alt="image-20211019183420904"></p>
<ul>
<li>腾讯课堂</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211025173833887.png"></p>
<h2 id="m3u8转换是不是太难"><a href="#m3u8转换是不是太难" class="headerlink" title="m3u8转换是不是太难?"></a>m3u8转换是不是太难?</h2><ul>
<li>经过<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36623327/article/details/83007456">教程</a>的学习 m3u8的转换不是很困难 只需要下载<code>ffmpeg</code>软件并且输入一行命令 (支持自定义视频) 即可把视频分割成小块块 然后统一放在阿里云上即可 (m3u8 和 分成的ts文件必须在同级)</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>第一步 切割视频</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ffmpeg -i D:\video\video.MP4 -profile:v baseline -level 3.0 -s 640x360 -start_number 0 -hls_time 60 -hls_list_size 0 -f hls D:\video\videoChange.m3u8</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211019190003598.png" alt="image-20211019190003598"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>第二步 上传阿里云 设置共有读</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211019190141584.png" alt="image-20211019190141584"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>第三步 获取m3u8文件地址</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>配置后台视频地址的时候 只需要设置m3u8文件的地址即可</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20211019190212200.png" alt="image-20211019190212200"></p>
<h2 id="m3u8的缺点"><a href="#m3u8的缺点" class="headerlink" title="m3u8的缺点"></a>m3u8的缺点</h2><ul>
<li>碎片化的操作管理方式</li>
<li>有操作成本的视频转换</li>
<li>单个短视频效果不明显 (视频预加载效果明显)</li>
<li>暂时没找到mac的<code>ffmpeg</code>的软件</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="参考文献"><a href="#参考文献" class="headerlink" title="参考文献"></a>参考文献</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/alexgl2008/articles/12893849.html">“m3u8格式简析”与“视频秒开优化”</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/338679519">近年开始流行使用的.m3u8视频格式是什么？相比mp4在什么场景采用？</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/vx_list/article/details/51956207">M3U8格式讲解及实际应用分析</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://xiaxl.blog.csdn.net/article/details/103370511">mp4相比m3u8第一帧加载较慢的原因？</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36623327/article/details/83007456">使用ffmpeg将MP4视频转换为m3u8格式</a></p>

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